During the American Revolution, one of the most popular rallying cries was “No taxation without representation!” This came at a time when the American colonists were being subjected to progressively higher taxes — imposed on progressively greater numbers of goods — levied by the Crown with the assurance that the colonists enjoyed “virtual representation”. Of course, this “virtual representation” was no representation at all, as the “virtual representative” was not elected by the colonists nor disposed to their grievances. Well, there are those among us who fail to recognize (or admit) the parallels present in the modern day, where taxes on Americans are not just unfathomably higher than when the colonist decried the injustice; they are just part of the total cost imposed upon a people not present in the negotiations nor properly represented in the government which claims to have resolved the problems of the past. A recent YouTube comment illustrates the misconception: “ The d...
There is much confusion surrounding the concept of the “separation of church and state”; much of it likely born out of the steep secular decline in religious affiliation across recent generations, with particular emphasis among atheists and anti-deists. While many have hastened to leverage this language (“separation of church and state”) in order to condemn or censure religious values — particularly those which are Christian — where they have carried influence in public life (i.e. prayer in schools, teachers covering lessons from the Bible, government representatives appealing to God, coinage bearing the words “In God We Trust”), the truth is that this “separation” was never expected to completely eliminate religious practice or religious sentiment from all matter of public life. In fact, religion was so deeply enmeshed in American life during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the French magistrate and prison reformer Gustave de Beaumont, during his nine-month tour of A...